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            <p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">1.</span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">比对测试手持式声级计入射角度设置的影响</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">手持式声级计设置为</span><span style="font-family:宋体">0度入射与90度入射频响存在差异，高频差异尤为明显，在消声室使用两台手持式声级计进行测试，声源均采用90度入射，两台设备传声器到声源距离1米，方向一致，声源分别播放鸣笛噪声（声源主要频带在1800 Hz～3500 Hz）与蝉鸣噪声（声源主要频带在3150 Hz～8000 Hz），手持式声级计一台设置成90度入射，一台0度入射，同步进行1分钟积分测量，测试的积分结果见下表：</span></span></p><div class="tabledivclass" style="width: 99%; float: left;"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" align="left" style="max-width: 748px;"><tbody><tr style="height:26px" class="firstRow"><td width="80" valign="top" nowrap="" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style=";text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">声音类型</span></p></td><td width="162" valign="top" nowrap="" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style=";text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">90度入射Leq,T(60s)</span></p></td><td width="170" valign="top" nowrap="" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style=";text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">0度入射Leq</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 12px">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">T(60s)</span></p></td><td width="119" valign="top" nowrap="" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style=";text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">差值</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:23px"><td width="80" valign="top" nowrap="" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style=";text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">鸣笛噪声</span></p></td><td width="162" valign="top" nowrap="" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style=";text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">71.8 dB</span></p></td><td width="170" valign="top" nowrap="" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style=";text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">70.9 dB</span></p></td><td width="119" valign="top" nowrap="" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style=";text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">-0.9 dB</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:23px"><td width="80" valign="top" nowrap="" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style=";text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">蝉鸣噪声</span></p></td><td width="162" valign="top" nowrap="" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style=";text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">74.5 dB</span></p></td><td width="170" valign="top" nowrap="" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style=";text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">72.8 dB</span></p></td><td width="119" valign="top" nowrap="" style="padding: 0px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style=";text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">-1.7 dB</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">从测试结果可以看出，噪声频率越高，</span><span style="font-family:宋体">90度入射时就会比0度入射时结果更大，现实中环境噪声复杂多样，在比对测试过程中应保证参比双方入射角度设置相同，减少因入射角度设置不同带来的影响。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center"><img style="max-width: 800px; max-height: 300%; width: 681px; height: 309px;" src="https://img57.chem17.com/9/20250120/638729625569600372115.png" title="图片3.png" alt="图片3.png" width="681" height="309"/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">鸣笛噪声</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(27,212,156);font-size:12px">▲</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(27,212,156);font-size:12px"></span></p><p style="text-align: center"><img style="max-width: 800px; max-height: 300%; width: 680px; height: 311px;" src="https://img41.chem17.com/9/20250120/638729625832982232584.png" title="图片4.png" alt="图片4.png" width="680" height="311"/></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(27,212,156);font-size:12px"></span><br/></p><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">蝉鸣噪声</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(27,212,156);font-size:12px">▲</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">2.</span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">不同风罩的影响</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">对户外监测箱风罩和</span><span style="font-family:宋体">&Phi;80风罩（手持式声级计标配风罩）频率响进行测试，测试结果见下图。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体"></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center"><img style="max-width: 800px; max-height: 300%; width: 670px; height: 275px;" src="https://img41.chem17.com/9/20250120/638729626735249826950.png" title="图片5.png" alt="图片5.png" width="670" height="275"/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体"></span></span><br/></p><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(62,62,62);letter-spacing:0;font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">图中可以看出，不同风罩的频响有着显著的差异。从</span><span style="font-family:宋体">3150 Hz 开始，户外监测箱风罩对高频的影响较大。采用鸣笛噪声和蝉鸣噪声对不带风罩、带户外监测箱风罩、带&Phi;80风罩三种状态分别进行测试，测试结果见下表:</span></span></p><div class="tabledivclass" style="width: 99%; float: left;"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" align="left" style="max-width: 748px;"><tbody><tr style="height:49px" class="firstRow"><td width="141" valign="center" style="padding: 4px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">声音类型</span></p></td><td width="125" valign="center" style="padding: 4px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">不带风罩</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px"><br/></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">Leq</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 12px">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">T(60s)</span></p></td><td width="128" valign="center" style="padding: 4px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">户外监测箱风罩</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">Leq</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 12px">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">T(60s)</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="center" style="padding: 4px 7px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">&Phi;80风罩</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">Leq</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 12px">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">T(60s)</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:49px"><td width="141" valign="center" style="padding: 4px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">鸣笛噪声</span></p></td><td width="125" valign="center" style="padding: 4px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">72.3 dB</span></p></td><td width="128" valign="center" style="padding: 4px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">72.7&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 12px">dB</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="center" style="padding: 4px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">72.5&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 12px">dB</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height:49px"><td width="141" valign="center" style="padding: 4px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">蝉鸣噪声</span></p></td><td width="125" valign="center" style="padding: 4px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">75.0&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 12px">dB</span></p></td><td width="128" valign="center" style="padding: 4px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">74.3&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 12px">dB</span></p></td><td width="156" valign="center" style="padding: 4px 7px; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);"><p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 12px">74.5&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;letter-spacing: 0;font-size: 12px">dB</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p style="text-indent:26px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(62,62,62);letter-spacing:0;font-size:12px">从测试结果可以看出，</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:0;font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">带户外保护风罩的测试结果与真实值相差最大</span><span style="font-family:宋体">0.7dB。带&Phi;80风罩的测试结果仅相差0.2个分贝。因此手持式声级计应使用标配</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(62,62,62);letter-spacing:0;font-size:12px">&Phi;80</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;letter-spacing:0;font-size:12px">风罩进行比对测试。</span></p><p style="text-indent:24px;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">3.</span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">使用不同声校准器的影响</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:24px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">从声校准器的检定证书中的</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“本次检定使用计量标准"可以看出，声校准器的测量声压级存在不确定度，以浙江省计量院为例，不确定度级为0.15dB（k=2），如测量声压级为93.90 dB，那么该声校准器输出的声压级实际为93.90 &plusmn;&nbsp;0.15 dB，比对测试中使用两个不同的声校准器分别对两台比对设备进行校准，就有可能因为校准器测量声压级与实际声压级存在&plusmn;&nbsp;0.15 dB的不确定度，造成两台设备的校准结果存在偏差，最终影响比对测试结果，为了减少这个差异，应使用同一个声校准器进行校准。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:24px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">4.</span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">空间声场的影响</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:24px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">由于声波传播会出现干涉、衍射、反射等现象，所以在室外环境中的任何一个点的声波都是不一样的（多个声源的综合影响），如下图的声源声波传播模型图，在</span><span style="font-family:宋体">A点相对声源方向前后左右各距离0.5米的位置，离声源距离最远或最近的点位噪声值差了1dB左右，而两个与声源距离相近的点，噪声值非常接近，因此为了减少空间位置不同的影响，需将两个传声器放置距离较近，且到主要声源的距离一致。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:24px;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体"></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center"><img style="max-width:800px;max-height:300%;" src="https://img46.chem17.com/9/20250120/638729627363374142862.png" title="图片1.png" alt="图片1.png"/></p><p><br/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;padding:0 0 0 0 "><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">5.</span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">时间设置不一致的影响</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;text-indent:28px;padding:0 0 0 0 "><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px"><span style="font-family:宋体">在</span><span style="font-family:宋体">60dB的环境噪声下，1小时内若发生2秒80dB的突发噪声(如交通噪声中的鸣笛)时会使得小时等效声级由60 dB增大到60.23dB(见下方计算示例)，这就比没有突发噪声时大了0.23dB。如果比对测试过程中两台设备时钟设置不一致，发生上述突发噪声事件时，而该突发噪声又刚好处在两台设备不同的小时段，就有可能影响比对测试结果，因此需要尽量减小两台设备的时间偏差，从而减小比对测试结果的偏差。</span></span></p><p style="text-align: center"><img style="max-width:800px;max-height:300%;" src="https://img46.chem17.com/9/20250120/638729627834433818277.png" title="图片6.png" alt="图片6.png"/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;padding:0 0 0 0 ;text-align:center"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">计算示例</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(27,212,156);font-size:12px">▲</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:12px">综上所述比对测试结果受多种因素综合影响，为了保证比对测试的准确性，比对过程中应规避各种不规范的操作。</span></p><p><br/></p> 
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